Electronic personality of “intelligent robots” as a technique for repairing damage. Critical analysis of the civil law rules on robotics of the European Parliament
On February 16, 2017, the European Parliament issued a resolution by means of which it made a set of recommendations to the European Commission on civil law regulations relating to robotics, among which the creation and granting of an electronic personality for robots stands out. smart, with a view to optimizing a damage repair system. This article offers a critical analysis of such a proposal.
Enseñanzas y aprendizaje de la inteligencia artificial y derecho en Chile
El texto aborda la penetración de nuevas tecnologías en la profesión legal chilena para explicar la innovación curricular del minor en Inteligencia Artificial y Derecho (IA+D) conforme a sus resultados de aprendizaje. A partir de ello, examina cada asignatura que compone el minor IA+D desde un doble punto de vista: el de la justificación de su inclusión y la estructuración orientada al cumplimiento del perfil esperado con la aprobación de todas las asignaturas del minor. Tras esta revisión, el texto concluye con los desafíos de la implementación de un programa curricular de esta naturaleza en el pregrado.
Teaching and learning law and artificial intelligence in Chile: On the minor in Artificial Intelligence and Law at the Universidad Autónoma de Chile
The paper addresses the penetration of new technologies in the Chilean legal profession, in order to explain the curricular innovation of the minor in artificial intelligence and law (IA+D), according to its learning outcomes. From this, it examines each subject that composes the IA+D minor, from a double point of view: the justification for the inclusion of each subject and its structuring oriented to the fulfillment of the expected profile with the approval of all the subjects of the minor. After this review, the text concludes with the challenges of implementing a curricular program of this nature at the undergraduate level.
What if we worry about professional practice in all subjects of the Law School, including the theoretical ones? Study and implementation of a methodological proposal that improves student performance with an emphasis on the legal profession
In recent years there has been a concern for the practical performance of future lawyers. Universities have made curricular modifications integrating courses where practical matters predominate but maintaining theoretical subjects. For this reason, the problem would only be partially alleviated, unless they incorporate methodologies and techniques guided by the exercise of the profession. Thus, it is proposed that it is possible to improve student performance with a methodological proposal that emphasizes the legal profession, both in traditionally theoretical and practical subjects. This, given that the necessary competencies would be developed to apply legal sciences, which must be evidenced with products of professional practice in its various fields of action. To carry out the verification exercise, the sample considered subjects from substantive and adjective law courses, day, and evening hours, and from different campuses. The result has shown that the approach is correct. It is possible to apply the methodology, highlighting that it improves a series of performances, both in students and teachers. There are no significant differences between the nature of the subject, the campus, or the day, but there are differences in the type of pedagogical methodology used.
¿Son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos de la OEA en Chile?; avances en base a la doctrina, normativa y jurisprudencia.
El presente trabajo estudia si los principales tratados internacionales de derechos humanos de la ONU son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad en Chile. Para responder a aquella interrogante se sintetizan los principales argumentos doctrinarios para aplicar los tratados sobre derechos humanos en Chile; se analiza la normativa constitucional aplicable en Chile para aplicar los tratados referidos; y, finalmente se comprueba si los tratados citados son utilizados en los máximos tribunales de justicia. Se desarrolla cada punto anterior con doctrina, normativa nacional e internacional y con jurisprudencia de los máximos tribunales de justicia. La investigación cristaliza al evidenciar que desde todos los prismas son aplicables cada uno de los tratados revisados en Chile. Las conclusiones son que los principales tratados sobre derechos de la ONU son parte del bloque de constitucionalidad en Chile, tanto en el texto positivo como en la práctica en los tribunales de justicia, abriendo un abanico de derechos fundamentales para todos los habitantes.
Organisational fault and behavioural rules in the indicting of legal persons
This paper provides a critical analysis of the traditional perception of the organisational fault as a rule of attribution in the criminal liability of corporations. In the following pages, the author sustains that the obligations of direction and supervision stipulated in the law are equivalent to organisational rules of behaviour of non-criminal nature. This thesis is based on a doctrinal analysis, on a study of Act No. 20.393, of precedents and of comparative law, that fundament the nature and content of these obligations. Finally, the article proposes a categorization of the obligations and states the fundamental criteria for its future specification.
Anthropological assessment, environmental licensing processes and indigenous peoples
The article analyses the use of anthropological assessments in environmental licensing processes. On one hand, it supports the existence of a right to anthropological assessment. On the other hand, it argues that anthropological assessments in environmental matters contribute to judicial decision-making, since they are instruments which could reveal the constitutive elements of the indigenous peoples’ cultural identities. In particular, these assessments have a role in determining whether indigenous communities are affected or susceptible to be culturally affected, as a prerequisite to proceed to the indigenous consultation. With this purpose, the paper examines: the theoretical and disciplinary antecedents of anthropological assessments; their normative sources, in particular the human right to a cultural identity and to a healthy environment; and the relevant national environmental regulation. It also presents a set of Chilean judicial decisions on environmental matters which considered anthropological findings, systematizing their diverse approaches. Methodologically, we used bibliographic review, dogmatic and hermeneutic legal methods, and the deductive method for the review of jurisprudence.
La otra cara de la moneda: Protección constitucional de la empresa, el emprendimiento y la libre competencia en Latinoamérica. Análisis de derecho comparado de los casos de Chile y Colombia.
El presente trabajo estudia la protección constitucional de la empresa, el emprendimiento y la libre competencia en Chile y Colombia. Para lograr aquello, se realiza un estudio en derecho comparando ambos países, en que se analizan las acciones o recursos constitucionales de los que pueden ser sujetos activos legitimados los emprendedores y cómo se relaciona con la libre competencia. Considera en su desarrollo doctrina jurídica, análisis de normativa y de jurisprudencia relevante. Destaca entre las conclusiones que en ambos sistemas estudiados al emprendimiento o, inclusive, a las empresas, se les reconozca una serie de derechos y libertades fundamentales, y, además, ser sujetos activos legitimados de una serie de acciones y recursos constitucionales. No obstante, y, al mismo tiempo, la actividad económica debe estar en armonía con los derechos humanos de los demás en una faceta que reconoce no solo los derechos sino las obligaciones de la empresa en el marco del Estado constitucional. De ahí lo de las dos caras de la moneda, derecho fundamental de emprender, pero respetando los derechos fundamentales de los demás. Y, como perspectivas de futuro, elevar el emprendimiento, de libertad a un derecho justiciable, especialmente cuando este sea una actividad de subsistencia, en el que la libre competencia también tiene un rol de garantía para la función de la propiedad.