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    The Flying Saucer: Tomography of the thermal and density gas structure of an edge-on protoplanetary disk

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    item_2-s2.0-85035780544.pdf (3.186Kb)
    Date
    2017
    DOI
    10.1051/0004-6361/201730645

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    Author
    Dutrey A.
    Guilloteau S.
    Piétu V.
    Chapillon E.
    Wakelam V.
    Di Folco E.
    Stoecklin T.
    Denis-Alpizar O.
    Gorti U.
    Teague R.
    Henning T.
    Semenov D.
    Grosso N.
    Abstract
    Context. Determining the gas density and temperature structures of protoplanetary disks is a fundamental task in order to constrain planet formation theories. This is a challenging procedure and most determinations are based on model-dependent assumptions. Aims. We attempt a direct determination of the radial and vertical temperature structure of the Flying Saucer disk, thanks to its favorable inclination of 90 degrees. Methods. We present a method based on the tomographic study of an edge-on disk. Using ALMA, we observe at 0.5″ resolution the Flying Saucer in CO J = 2-1 and CS J = 5-4. This edge-on disk appears in silhouette against the CO J = 2-1 emission from background molecular clouds in ρ Oph. The combination of velocity gradients due to the Keplerian rotation of the disk and intensity variations in the CO background as a function of velocity provide a direct measure of the gas temperature as a function of radius and height above the disk mid-plane. Results. The overall thermal structure is consistent with model predictions, with a cold (<12-15 K) CO-depleted mid-plane and a warmer disk atmosphere. However, we find evidence for CO gas along the mid-plane beyond a radius of about 200 au, coincident with a change of grain properties. Such behavior is expected in the case of efficient rise of UV penetration re-heating the disk and thus allowing CO thermal desorption or favoring direct CO photo-desorption. CO is also detected at up to 3-4 scale heights, while CS is confined to around 1 scale height above the mid-plane. The limits of the method due to finite spatial and spectral resolutions are also discussed. Conclusions. This method appears to be a very promising way to determine the gas structure of planet-forming disks, provided that the molecular data have an angular resolution which is high enough, on the order of 0.3-0.1″ at the distance of the nearest star-forming regions. © ESO, 2017.
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    LA UNIVERSIDAD
    • Aseguramiento de Calidad
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    • Administración y Negocios
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    • Ciencias de la Salud
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