Silvicultural systems and estimated profitability of Nothofagus dombeyi plantations: an option for forestry diversification in Chile

Nothofagus dombeyi plantations have silvicultural and economic potential due to their ecological plasticity, rapid growth rate, and high wood quality. However, there is little research on timber yields, their quality, and the profitability of plantations with this species subjected to different silvicultural regimes. In this study, we evaluated one plantation without and three with intermediate cuttings (pruning and thinning). Growth and yield of timber products were estimated with volume and taper functions. The physical and mechanical properties of the wood from a plantation with intermediate cuttings were determined using national and international standards. The profitability of silvicultural regimes was evaluated using the internal rate of return, the net present value, and land expectation values. In plantations with intermediate cuttings, we estimated yields of 20 m3/ha/year, and the distribution of products was 19, 27, and 54% of veneer logs, timber, and firewood, while the log yield was over 60%. In the unmanaged plantation, these proportions were 3% timber and 97% firewood. Sawn and dried wood meet the requirements associated with moisture content, dimensions, strength, performance and durability, and structural grade, aspects that are considered in different technical standards and current Chilean legal regulations. In managed plantations, the scenario of marketing dry sawn timber presents the highest profitability indicators for discount rates of 6% and 8% (NPV of 7,380 and 2,447 US$/ha). To start an industry based on wood from N. dombeyi plantations, it is necessary to invest in intermediate cuttings, as well as to promote the drying of the wood.