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Simultaneous degradation of 30 pharmaceuticals by anodic oxidation: Main intermediaries and by-products
dc.contributor.author | Calzadilla, Wendy | |
dc.contributor.author | Espinoza, Lorena Carolina | |
dc.contributor.author | Díaz-Cruz, M. Silvia | |
dc.contributor.author | Sunyer, Adrià | |
dc.contributor.author | Aranda, Mario B. | |
dc.contributor.author | Peña-Farfal, Carlos | |
dc.contributor.author | Salazar, Ricardo | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-11-11T17:49:50Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-11-11T17:49:50Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020-10-26 | |
dc.identifier | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128753 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 00456535 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/7173 | |
dc.description.abstract | The anodic oxidation (AO) of 30 pharmaceuticals including antibiotics, hormones, antihistaminics, anti-inflammatories, antidepressants, antihypertensives, and antiulcer agents, in solutions containing different supporting electrolytes media (0.05 M Na2SO4, 0.05 M NaCl, and 0.05 M Na2SO4 + 0.05 M NaCl) at natural pH was studied. A boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode and a stainless-steel electrode were used as anode and cathode, respectively, and three current densities of 6, 20, and 40 mA cm−2 were applied. The results showed high mineralization rates, above 85%, in all the tested electrolytic media. 25 intermediaries produced during the electrooxidation were identified, depending on the supporting electrolyte together with the formation of carboxylic acids, NO3−, SO42− and NH4+ ions. The formation of intermediates in chloride medium produced an increase in absorbance. Finally, a real secondary effluent spiked with the 30 pharmaceuticals was treated by AO applying 6 mA cm−2 at natural pH and without addition of supporting electrolyte, reaching c.a. 90% mineralization after 300 min, with an energy consumption of 18.95 kW h m−3 equivalent to 2.90 USD m−3. A degradation scheme for the mixture of emerging contaminants in both electrolytic media is proposed. Thus, the application of anodic oxidation generates a high concentration of hydroxyl radicals that favors the mineralization of the pharmaceuticals present in the spiked secondary effluent sample. | es_ES |
dc.language.iso | en | es_ES |
dc.publisher | Elsevier Ltd | es_ES |
dc.subject | Anodic oxidation | es_ES |
dc.subject | Boron-doped diamond electrode | es_ES |
dc.subject | Hydroxyl radical | es_ES |
dc.subject | Pharmaceuticals | es_ES |
dc.subject | Secondary effluent | es_ES |
dc.title | Simultaneous degradation of 30 pharmaceuticals by anodic oxidation: Main intermediaries and by-products | es_ES |
dc.type | Article | es_ES |