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The osteocyte: A multifunctional cell within the bone

dc.contributor.authorTresguerres F.G.F.
dc.contributor.authorTorres J.
dc.contributor.authorLópez-Quiles J.
dc.contributor.authorHernández G.
dc.contributor.authorVega J.A.
dc.contributor.authorTresguerres I.F.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:29:24Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:29:24Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151422
dc.identifier.citation227, , -
dc.identifier.issn09409602
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/6440
dc.descriptionThe knowledge of bone biology has largely changed in the last few decades. Osteocytes are multifunctional bone cells that are surrounded by mineralized bone matrix and for decades it was considered that they might be relatively inactive cells. However, nowadays it is known that osteocytes are highly active cells which are indispensable for the normal function of the skeleton, playing main roles in several physiological processes, both within and beyond the bone microenvironment. This review highlights and updates the current state of knowledge of the osteocyte and focuses on its roles in bone remodeling and mineral homeostasis, and also reviews its recently discovered endocrine function. Osteocytes secrete sclerostin (a protein that works as a negative regulator of bone mass), and FGF-23, the most important osteocyte-secreted endocrine factor, since it is able to regulate the phosphate metabolism. Moreover, osteocytes can act as mechanosensory cells, transforming the mechanical strain into chemical signaling towards the effector cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts). Therefore, the osteocyte plays an important role in bone biology, specifically in the remodeling process, since it regulates both the osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Finally, the paper discusses the clinical application of the bone biology, updating the new therapies against bone-loss disorders. © 2019 Elsevier GmbH
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier GmbH
dc.subjectBone remodeling
dc.subjectFGF-23
dc.subjectOsteocyte
dc.subjectSclerostin
dc.subjectbeta catenin
dc.subjectbisphosphonic acid derivative
dc.subjectblosozumab
dc.subjectcalcium
dc.subjectcell marker
dc.subjectconnexin 43
dc.subjectdenosumab
dc.subjectdickkopf 1 protein
dc.subjectfibroblast growth factor 23
dc.subjectglycogen synthase kinase 3
dc.subjectHermes antigen
dc.subjectimmunoglobulin enhancer binding protein
dc.subjectlow density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5
dc.subjectlow density lipoprotein receptor related protein 6
dc.subjectmatrix metalloproteinase 14
dc.subjectosteocalcin
dc.subjectosteoclast differentiation factor
dc.subjectosteoprotegerin
dc.subjectparathyroid hormone
dc.subjectparathyroid hormone receptor 1
dc.subjectparathyroid hormone related protein
dc.subjectparathyroid hormone[1-34]
dc.subjectphosphate
dc.subjectprostaglandin E2
dc.subjectprotein E11
dc.subjectreceptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B
dc.subjectromosozumab
dc.subjectsclerostin
dc.subjectunclassified drug
dc.subjectunindexed drug
dc.subjectWnt protein
dc.subjectcalcium
dc.subjectaging
dc.subjectapoptosis
dc.subjectatypical femur fracture
dc.subjectatypical subtrochanteric femur fracture
dc.subjectautocrine effect
dc.subjectautophagy
dc.subjectbone age
dc.subjectbone density
dc.subjectbone disease
dc.subjectbone fragility
dc.subjectbone linning cell
dc.subjectbone loss disorder
dc.subjectbone marrow cell
dc.subjectbone mass
dc.subjectbone matrix
dc.subjectbone mineralization
dc.subjectbone multicellular unit
dc.subjectbone necrosis
dc.subjectbone remodeling
dc.subjectbone structure
dc.subjectbone tissue
dc.subjectbone tumor
dc.subjectbone turnover
dc.subjectcalcium blood level
dc.subjectcalcium transport
dc.subjectcancer prevention
dc.subjectcell activity
dc.subjectcell body
dc.subjectcell communication
dc.subjectcell damage
dc.subjectcell death
dc.subjectcell differentiation
dc.subjectcell function
dc.subjectcell maturation
dc.subjectcell stimulation
dc.subjectcell surface
dc.subjectcell transformation
dc.subjectcell viability
dc.subjectcells by body anatomy
dc.subjectcellular distribution
dc.subjectcellular secretion
dc.subjectchronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder
dc.subjectchronic kidney failure
dc.subjectcortical bone
dc.subjectdrug activity
dc.subjecteffector cell
dc.subjectendocrine cell
dc.subjectenzyme inhibition
dc.subjectextracellular matrix
dc.subjectfemur fracture
dc.subjectfemur subtrochanteric fracture
dc.subjectfracture nonunion
dc.subjectgap junction
dc.subjectgene
dc.subjectgene expression
dc.subjectgenetic transcription
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjectincidence
dc.subjectischemia
dc.subjectjaw osteonecrosis
dc.subjectlacunocanalicular system
dc.subjectmechanosensory cell
dc.subjectmechanotransduction
dc.subjectmesenchymal stem cell
dc.subjectmicroenvironment
dc.subjectmineral metabolism
dc.subjectnonhuman
dc.subjectossification
dc.subjectosteoblast
dc.subjectosteoclast
dc.subjectosteoclastogenesis
dc.subjectosteocyte
dc.subjectosteoid
dc.subjectosteolysis
dc.subjectosteoporosis
dc.subjectparacrine signaling
dc.subjectpathologic fracture
dc.subjectpathophysiology
dc.subjectphosphate metabolism
dc.subjectporosity
dc.subjectpostmenopause osteoporosis
dc.subjectprophylaxis
dc.subjectprotein degradation
dc.subjectprotein expression
dc.subjectprotein function
dc.subjectprotein localization
dc.subjectprotein phosphorylation
dc.subjectprotein protein interaction
dc.subjectprotein secretion
dc.subjectprotein synthesis
dc.subjectprotein transport
dc.subjectregulatory mechanism
dc.subjectReview
dc.subjectSOST gene
dc.subjecttrabecular bone
dc.subjecttrabecular microcrack
dc.subjecttreatment duration
dc.subjectblood
dc.subjectbone
dc.subjectbone development
dc.subjectcytology
dc.subjectmechanoreceptor
dc.subjectosteocyte
dc.subjectphysiology
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.subjectBone and Bones
dc.subjectBone Remodeling
dc.subjectBone Resorption
dc.subjectCalcium
dc.subjectEndocrine Cells
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMechanoreceptors
dc.subjectMechanotransduction, Cellular
dc.subjectOsteocytes
dc.subjectOsteogenesis
dc.titleThe osteocyte: A multifunctional cell within the bone
dc.typeReview


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