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The role of the gastrointestinal epithelium as a possible pathway for the transfer of nutrients to the embryo's circulation

dc.contributor.authorPereda J.
dc.contributor.authorSulz L.
dc.contributor.authorMonge J.I.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:25:57Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:25:57Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier10.1002/jemt.22501
dc.identifier.citation78, 6, 500-507
dc.identifier.issn1059910X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/5848
dc.descriptionThe endodermal cells of the human yolk sac (YS) produce non-nucleated erythrocytes (NNEs) and numerous serum proteins that are transiently storage within the YS cavity. After their transfer via the vitelline duct to the embryo gastrointestinal lumen, the nutrients' final fate is unknown. With the aim of investigate how erythroid cells and nutrients are conveyed to embryo circulation, we studied, using a morphological and immunohistochemical approach, the embryo anatomy and the serum protein α-fetoprotein (AFP) presence, in 15 human embryos and their YS, collected from tubal pregnancies from 4 to 8 wpf. We observed at 5 wpf, a strong AFP staining in the endodermal cells of the YS, thereafter AFP was only present in the YS cavity and the gastrointestinal lumen. During 7 wpf, AFP expression declined and disappeared, concomitant with YS regression. Between 5 and 7 wpf, NNEs were observed in the gastrointestinal cavity, where they accumulate in the stomach. Here, the cells were attached to the endodermal epithelial cells or were free in the lumen. By scanning electron microscopy, we identified signs of NNEs phagocytized by endodermal cells. Those NNEs free in the lumen, after hemolysis, were probably removed by endocytosis (cell debris). Taking all together, we postulate that after reaching the endodermal epithelial cells of the stomach, nutrients are transferred to the embryo by a phagocytic/endocytic mechanism that is operative until the end of 6 wpf. After absorption, NNEs are probably degraded within phagosomes, nutrients delivered to the cell cytoplasm and then transported towards the embryonic circulation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley-Liss Inc.
dc.subjectEmbryo nutrition
dc.subjectErythrocyte endocytosis
dc.subjectGut endoderm
dc.subjectHuman embryo
dc.subjectNon-nucleated erythrocytes
dc.subjectalpha fetoprotein
dc.subjectanimal embryo
dc.subjectembryo development
dc.subjectembryology
dc.subjecterythrocyte
dc.subjectgastrointestinal tract
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjectimmunohistochemistry
dc.subjectmetabolism
dc.subjectnutrition
dc.subjectphagocytosis
dc.subjectscanning electron microscopy
dc.subjectultrastructure
dc.subjectyolk sac
dc.subjectalpha-Fetoproteins
dc.subjectEmbryo, Mammalian
dc.subjectEmbryonic Development
dc.subjectErythrocytes
dc.subjectGastrointestinal Tract
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectImmunohistochemistry
dc.subjectMicroscopy, Electron, Scanning
dc.subjectNutrition Processes
dc.subjectPhagocytosis
dc.subjectYolk Sac
dc.titleThe role of the gastrointestinal epithelium as a possible pathway for the transfer of nutrients to the embryo's circulation
dc.typeArticle


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