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Nanowired Delivery of Growth Hormone Attenuates Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury and Enhances Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Concentration in the Plasma and the Spinal Cord

dc.contributor.authorMuresanu D.F.
dc.contributor.authorSharma A.
dc.contributor.authorLafuente J.V.
dc.contributor.authorPatnaik R.
dc.contributor.authorTian Z.R.
dc.contributor.authorNyberg F.
dc.contributor.authorSharma H.S.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:24:09Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:24:09Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier10.1007/s12035-015-9298-8
dc.identifier.citation52, 2, 837-845
dc.identifier.issn08937648
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/5515
dc.descriptionPrevious studies from our laboratory showed that topical application of growth hormone (GH) induced neuroprotection 5 h after spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model. Since nanodelivery of drugs exerts superior neuroprotective effects, a possibility exists that nanodelivery of GH will induce long-term neuroprotection after a focal SCI. SCI induces GH deficiency that is coupled with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) reduction in the plasma. Thus, an exogenous supplement of GH in SCI may enhance the IGF-1 levels in the cord and induce neuroprotection. In the present investigation, we delivered TiO2-nanowired growth hormone (NWGH) after a longitudinal incision of the right dorsal horn at the T10–11 segments in anesthetized rats and compared the results with normal GH therapy on IGF-1 and GH contents in the plasma and in the cord in relation to blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption, edema formation, and neuronal injuries. Our results showed a progressive decline in IGF-1 and GH contents in the plasma and the T9 and T12 segments of the cord 12 and 24 h after SCI. Marked increase in the BSCB breakdown, as revealed by extravasation of Evans blue and radioiodine, was seen at these time points after SCI in association with edema and neuronal injuries. Administration of NWGH markedly enhanced the IGF-1 levels and GH contents in plasma and cord after SCI, whereas normal GH was unable to enhance IGF-1 or GH levels 12 or 24 h after SCI. Interestingly, NWGH was also able to reduce BSCB disruption, edema formation, and neuronal injuries after trauma. On the other hand, normal GH was ineffective on these parameters at all time points examined. Taken together, our results are the first to demonstrate that NWGH is quite effective in enhancing IGF-1 and GH levels in the cord and plasma that may be crucial in reducing pathophysiology of SCI. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherHumana Press Inc.
dc.subjectBlood-spinal cord barrier
dc.subjectEdema
dc.subjectGrowth hormone
dc.subjectInsulin-like growth factor-1
dc.subjectSpinal cord injury
dc.subjectEvans blue
dc.subjectgrowth hormone
dc.subjectnanowire
dc.subjectradioactive iodine
dc.subjectsomatomedin C
dc.subjecttitanium dioxide
dc.subjectdrug implant
dc.subjectEvans blue
dc.subjectgrowth hormone
dc.subjectinsulin-like growth factor-1, rat
dc.subjectneuroprotective agent
dc.subjectradioactive iodine
dc.subjectrecombinant protein
dc.subjectsomatomedin C
dc.subjectanimal experiment
dc.subjectanimal tissue
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectcontinuous infusion
dc.subjectcontrolled study
dc.subjectdrug delivery system
dc.subjectedema
dc.subjectextravasation
dc.subjectgrowth hormone deficiency
dc.subjecthormone blood level
dc.subjectincision
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectnerve cell lesion
dc.subjectneuroprotection
dc.subjectnonhuman
dc.subjectpathophysiology
dc.subjectpermeability barrier
dc.subjectrat
dc.subjectspinal cord dorsal horn
dc.subjectspinal cord injury
dc.subjectthoracic spinal cord
dc.subjectanimal
dc.subjectblood
dc.subjectchemistry
dc.subjectcomplication
dc.subjectdrug delivery system
dc.subjectdrug implant
dc.subjectedema
dc.subjectinfusion pump
dc.subjectintraspinal drug administration
dc.subjectnerve cell
dc.subjectpathology
dc.subjectpermeability
dc.subjectspinal cord
dc.subjectSpinal Cord Injuries
dc.subjectSprague Dawley rat
dc.subjectthoracic vertebra
dc.subjecttopical drug administration
dc.subjectvascularization
dc.subjectAdministration, Topical
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectDrug Delivery Systems
dc.subjectDrug Implants
dc.subjectEdema
dc.subjectEvans Blue
dc.subjectGrowth Hormone
dc.subjectInfusion Pumps
dc.subjectInfusions, Spinal
dc.subjectInsulin-Like Growth Factor I
dc.subjectIodine Radioisotopes
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectNanowires
dc.subjectNeurons
dc.subjectNeuroprotective Agents
dc.subjectPermeability
dc.subjectRats
dc.subjectRats, Sprague-Dawley
dc.subjectRecombinant Proteins
dc.subjectSpinal Cord
dc.subjectSpinal Cord Injuries
dc.subjectThoracic Vertebrae
dc.titleNanowired Delivery of Growth Hormone Attenuates Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury and Enhances Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Concentration in the Plasma and the Spinal Cord
dc.typeArticle


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