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Design of indicators of circular economy as instruments for the evaluation of sustainability and efficiency in wastewater from pig farming industry

dc.contributor.authorMolina-Moreno V.
dc.contributor.authorLeyva-Díaz J.C.
dc.contributor.authorLlorens-Montes F.J.
dc.contributor.authorCortés-García F.J.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:23:35Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:23:35Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier10.3390/w9090653
dc.identifier.citation9, 9, -
dc.identifier.issn20734441
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/5415
dc.descriptionCircular economy intends to turn waste into resources that can be reintroduced into the production process, eliminating the negative externalities from it. The impact of pig manure on the environment is one of the main challenges in agriculture. The high amount of pig manure coming from the pig farming industry complicates the management of this type of effluents, leading to a serious impact on the environment, as it pollutes the soil, the water, and the air. The concept of the indicator of circular economy was introduced to evaluate the degree of approximation of the pig manure treatment process to the circular economy model. In light of this, these indicators showed the possibility of obtaining 0.97 m3 water h-1, 49.40 kg biofertilizer h-1, and 5.33 m3 biogas h-1 per 1 m3 pig manure h-1 treated, allowing us to assess the minimization of waste generation and the efficiency of the use of resources. By applying an anaerobic digestion process to treat pig manure, reductions of water and natural gas consumptions were 47.01% and 5.33%, respectively, which leads to a reduction in emissions of 171.98 kg CO2 h-1. Consequently, pig manure can be considered as a technological nutrient that is reintroduced into the productive system, enabling the recovery of energy, water, and biofertilizer contained therein. © 2017 by the authors.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.subjectCircular economy
dc.subjectEnergy
dc.subjectIndicator
dc.subjectPig manure
dc.subjectTechnological nutrient
dc.subjectWastewater
dc.subjectAnaerobic digestion
dc.subjectEconomics
dc.subjectEffluents
dc.subjectFertilizers
dc.subjectGas emissions
dc.subjectIndicators (instruments)
dc.subjectManures
dc.subjectNutrients
dc.subjectSustainable development
dc.subjectWastewater
dc.subjectAnaerobic digestion process
dc.subjectCircular economy
dc.subjectDegree of approximation
dc.subjectEnergy
dc.subjectImpact on the environment
dc.subjectNegative externalities
dc.subjectPig manures
dc.subjectRecovery of energies
dc.subjectIndustrial economics
dc.subjectanaerobic digestion
dc.subjectdesign method
dc.subjecteconomic instrument
dc.subjectemission control
dc.subjectenergy efficiency
dc.subjectenvironmental economics
dc.subjectenvironmental impact assessment
dc.subjectenvironmental indicator
dc.subjectindustrial waste
dc.subjectresource use
dc.subjectsustainability
dc.subjecttechnological change
dc.subjectwastewater treatment
dc.subjectSuidae
dc.titleDesign of indicators of circular economy as instruments for the evaluation of sustainability and efficiency in wastewater from pig farming industry
dc.typeArticle


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