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Differences in the city branding of European capitals based on online vs. offline sources of information

dc.contributor.authorMolina A.
dc.contributor.authorFernández A.C.
dc.contributor.authorGómez M.
dc.contributor.authorAranda E.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:23:06Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:23:06Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.005
dc.identifier.citation58, , 28-39
dc.identifier.issn02615177
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/5365
dc.descriptionThis study analyzes city branding in five European capitals and compares the brand equity generated through online and offline media. Specifically, this study is intended to fill this gap by proposing a multi-group analysis that presents the differences in brand generation and destination preference. The study focuses on divergences in the backgrounds, components, and consequences of brand equity based on the use of online or offline media. The empirical application is performed on the basis of a sample of 225 visitors who have traveled to the following five European capitals: London, Paris, Berlin, Rome, and Madrid. To evaluate the measurement model and contrast the hypotheses, we use partial least squares regression. The results of the study reveal relevant recommendations for tourism managers regarding city brand recognition, loyalty, and the equilibrium between offline and online tools to maximize brand equity. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd
dc.subjectBrand equity
dc.subjectCity branding
dc.subjectMulti-group
dc.subjectOffline
dc.subjectOnline
dc.subjectWestern European capitals
dc.subjectempirical analysis
dc.subjecttourism management
dc.subjecttourist destination
dc.subjectBerlin
dc.subjectEngland
dc.subjectFrance
dc.subjectGermany
dc.subjectIle de France
dc.subjectItaly
dc.subjectLazio
dc.subjectLondon [England]
dc.subjectMadrid [Spain]
dc.subjectParis
dc.subjectRoma [Lazio]
dc.subjectRome
dc.subjectSpain
dc.subjectUnited Kingdom
dc.subjectVille de Paris
dc.titleDifferences in the city branding of European capitals based on online vs. offline sources of information
dc.typeArticle


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