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Inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress as key factors responsible for progression of neurodegeneration: Role of brain innate immune system

dc.contributor.authorLeszek J.
dc.contributor.authorBarreto G.E.
dc.contributor.authorGąsiorowski K.
dc.contributor.authorKoutsouraki E.
dc.contributor.authorÁvila-Rodrigues M.
dc.contributor.authorAliev G.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:21:46Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:21:46Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier10.2174/1871527315666160202125914
dc.identifier.citation15, 3, 329-336
dc.identifier.issn18715273
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/5093
dc.descriptionChronic inflammation is characterized by longstanding microglial activation followed by sustained release of inflammatory mediators, which aid in enhanced nitrosative and oxidative stress. The sustained release of inflammatory mediators propels the inflammatory cycle by increased microglial activation, promoting their proliferation and thus stimulating enhanced release of inflammatory factors. Elevated levels of several cytokines and chronic neuroinflammation have been associated with many neurodegenerative disorders of central nervous system like age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’ disease, and tauopathies. This review highlights the basic mechanisms of neuroinflammation, the characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases, and the main immunologic responses in CNS neurodegenerative disorders. A comprehensive outline for the crucial role of microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and the role of Toll-like receptor signalling in coexistence of inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress as major factors responsible for progression of neurodegeneration have also been presented. © 2016 Bentham Science Publishers.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBentham Science Publishers B.V.
dc.subjectMicroglia
dc.subjectNeurodegenerative disorders
dc.subjectNeuroinflammation
dc.subjectOxidative stress
dc.subjectToll-like receptors
dc.subjectCD11b antigen
dc.subjectCD14 antigen
dc.subjectCD200 antigen
dc.subjectCD200 receptor
dc.subjectCD36 antigen
dc.subjectCD47 antigen
dc.subjectchaperonin 60
dc.subjectimmunoglobulin enhancer binding protein
dc.subjectintercellular adhesion molecule 1
dc.subjectinterferon regulatory factor 3
dc.subjectinterferon regulatory factor 5
dc.subjectinterferon regulatory factor 7
dc.subjectinterleukin 1beta
dc.subjectinterleukin 6
dc.subjectlymphocyte function associated antigen 1
dc.subjectmonocyte chemotactic protein 1
dc.subjectnitric oxide
dc.subjectreactive oxygen metabolite
dc.subjectscavenger receptor A
dc.subjecttoll like receptor
dc.subjecttoll like receptor 1
dc.subjecttoll like receptor 2
dc.subjecttoll like receptor 4
dc.subjecttoll like receptor 5
dc.subjecttoll like receptor 7
dc.subjecttranscription factor AP 1
dc.subjecttumor necrosis factor
dc.subjectunindexed drug
dc.subjectvascular cell adhesion molecule 1
dc.subjectvery late activation antigen 6
dc.subjectcytokine
dc.subjectAlzheimer disease
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectblood brain barrier
dc.subjectcell survival
dc.subjectcentral nervous system
dc.subjectdisease course
dc.subjectDNA polymorphism
dc.subjectgene mutation
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjectinnate immunity
dc.subjectmicroglia
dc.subjectnerve degeneration
dc.subjectnervous system inflammation
dc.subjectnonhuman
dc.subjectoxidative stress
dc.subjectprotein expression
dc.subjectsignal transduction
dc.subjectanimal
dc.subjectbrain
dc.subjectdegenerative disease
dc.subjectdisease course
dc.subjectimmunology
dc.subjectinflammation
dc.subjectinnate immunity
dc.subjectmetabolism
dc.subjectoxidative stress
dc.subjectpathology
dc.subjectpathophysiology
dc.subjectphysiology
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectBrain
dc.subjectCytokines
dc.subjectDisease Progression
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectImmunity, Innate
dc.subjectInflammation
dc.subjectMicroglia
dc.subjectNeurodegenerative Diseases
dc.subjectOxidative Stress
dc.titleInflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress as key factors responsible for progression of neurodegeneration: Role of brain innate immune system
dc.typeArticle


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