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The sensory innervation of the human nipple

dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez-Villanueva M.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Mesa Y.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Piqueras J.
dc.contributor.authorCobo R.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Suárez O.
dc.contributor.authorVega J.A.
dc.contributor.authorFeito J.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:20:01Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:20:01Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151456
dc.identifier.citation229, , -
dc.identifier.issn09409602
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/4848
dc.descriptionNipples represent a highly specialized skin with capital importance in mammals for breastfeeding and additionally in humans due to sexuality. The histological studies regarding this region are scarce, so 42 human nipples were studied to describe the morphology of the nipple innervation. Our results exclude the presence of a rich innervation on nipple's skin or superficial dermis, thus definitely excluding nipple skin from the concept glabrous skin. The presence of mechanoreceptors is limited to scarce Merkel cells on the epidermis and some corpuscular capsulated and non-capsulated structures in the dermis; Merkel cells progressively decrease with ageing. No Meissner corpuscles were found and the rare Pacinian corpuscles identified were close to vascular structures and embroidered in the mammary fatty tissue. The great sensitivity observed functionally on the breast and especially in the nipple can be morphologically explained by two elements; on the one hand there is a rich smooth muscle innervation present in the deep dermis; on the other hand the mammary gland demonstrate Piezo2 expression in many glandular cells, with two differentiated patterns in the ductal and in the acinar tissue of the breast. The role of Piezo2 in the normal mammary gland is discussed. © 2019 Elsevier GmbH
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier GmbH
dc.subjectBreast
dc.subjectHuman
dc.subjectImmunohistochemistry
dc.subjectInnervation
dc.subjectNipple
dc.subjectPiezo2 mechanoprotein
dc.subjectSensory corpuscles
dc.subjection channel
dc.subjectPiezo2 protein
dc.subjectunclassified drug
dc.subjectadolescent
dc.subjectadult
dc.subjectaged
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectchild
dc.subjectdermis
dc.subjectepidermis
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjecthuman cell
dc.subjecthuman tissue
dc.subjectimmunohistochemistry
dc.subjectimmunoreactivity
dc.subjectmajor clinical study
dc.subjectmechanoreceptor
dc.subjectMerkel cell
dc.subjectmuscle innervation
dc.subjectnipple
dc.subjectPacini corpuscle
dc.subjectprotein expression
dc.subjectRuffini like corpuscle
dc.subjectsensory nerve
dc.subjectsmooth muscle innervation
dc.titleThe sensory innervation of the human nipple
dc.typeArticle


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