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New Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Cotinine and its Distinctive Effects from Nicotine

dc.contributor.authorGrizzell J.A.
dc.contributor.authorEcheverria V.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:19:28Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:19:28Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.identifier10.1007/s11064-014-1359-2
dc.identifier.citation40, 10, 2032-2046
dc.identifier.issn03643190
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/4751
dc.descriptionTobacco consumption is far higher among a number of psychiatric and neurological diseases, supporting the notion that some component(s) of tobacco may underlie the oft-reported reduction in associated symptoms during tobacco use. Popular dogma holds that this component is nicotine. However, increasing evidence support theories that cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, may underlie at least some of nicotine’s actions in the nervous system, apart from its adverse cardiovascular and habit forming effects. Though similarities exist, disparate and even antagonizing actions between cotinine and nicotine have been described both in terms of behavior and physiology, underscoring the need to further characterize this potentially therapeutic compound. Cotinine has been shown to be psychoactive in humans and animals, facilitating memory, cognition, executive function, and emotional responding. Furthermore, recent research shows that cotinine acts as an antidepressant and reduces cognitive-impairment associated with disease and stress-induced dysfunction. Despite these promising findings, continued focus on this potentially safe alternative to tobacco and nicotine use is lacking. Here, we review the effects of cotinine, including comparisons with nicotine, and discuss potential mechanisms of cotinine-specific actions in the central nervous system which are, to date, still being elucidated. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York (outside the USA).
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer New York LLC
dc.subjectCotinine
dc.subjectNicotine
dc.subjectNicotinic receptors
dc.subjectSynaptophysin
dc.subjectTobacco
dc.subjectcotinine
dc.subjectnicotine
dc.subjectantidepressant agent
dc.subjectcotinine
dc.subjectnicotine
dc.subjectnicotinic receptor
dc.subjectantidepressant activity
dc.subjectblood brain barrier
dc.subjectbrain development
dc.subjectbrain function
dc.subjectbrain region
dc.subjectcognition
dc.subjectdrug half life
dc.subjectdrug mechanism
dc.subjectdrug self administration
dc.subjectemotion
dc.subjectestrogen metabolism
dc.subjectexecutive function
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjectlong term potentiation
dc.subjectmaximum plasma concentration
dc.subjectmemory
dc.subjectnerve cell plasticity
dc.subjectnervous system function
dc.subjectneurotransmission
dc.subjectnonhuman
dc.subjectpriority journal
dc.subjectReview
dc.subjecttobacco consumption
dc.subjectanimal
dc.subjectCognition Disorders
dc.subjectdrug effects
dc.subjectmetabolism
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectAntidepressive Agents
dc.subjectCognition
dc.subjectCognition Disorders
dc.subjectCotinine
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectNicotine
dc.subjectReceptors, Nicotinic
dc.titleNew Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Cotinine and its Distinctive Effects from Nicotine
dc.typeReview


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