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Technical-economic analysis for a green ammonia production plant in Chile and its subsequent transport to Japan

dc.contributor.authorFúnez Guerra C.
dc.contributor.authorReyes-Bozo L.
dc.contributor.authorVyhmeister E.
dc.contributor.authorJaén Caparrós M.
dc.contributor.authorSalazar J.L.
dc.contributor.authorClemente-Jul C.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:18:08Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:18:08Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.041
dc.identifier.citation157, , 404-414
dc.identifier.issn09601481
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/4552
dc.descriptionGreen ammonia can be produced using fossil fuels or any renewable energy source combined with heat or electricity. Chile has one of the highest rates of solar irradiation and also the environmental conditions that support the development of solar industry. Other renewable sources of energy are the wind and the hydraulic dams. These energies could be used to generate ammonia by a standard method such as the Haber-Bosch process, which transforms hydrogen and nitrogen using high temperatures and a catalyst. The ammonia has several desirable characteristics that suggest its use as a way to store hydrogen. Firstly, it can be liquified under mild conditions. Secondly, the ammonia has a high weight fraction of hydrogen. Thus, it is deemed necessary to study technical and economic variables that may support the use of green ammonia as an energy carrier for hydrogen. The aim of this work is to develop a technical-economic analysis about the production of ammonia using hydrogen by means of electrolysis (carried out with solar, wind, and hydraulic renewable energies). The aforementioned green ammonia would be produced in Chile and it would be necessary to transport it to Japan. Sensitivity analysis of main parameters (plant operating hours, size of the ammonia synthesis plant - related to the capacity of the electrolysis plant size in MW-, electricity price, electrolyzer cost, Haber-Bosch cycle cost, and ammonia sales price) was performed to report what factors are primordial at the moment of carried out techno-economic analyses. An optimization process that minimize the NPV was run in order to settle the most convenient size of the electrolyser stack. A net present value (NPV) of base case is €77,414,525 and 7.62 years of pay-back period were calculated for this green ammonia production plant, which considered hydrogen production via electrolysis, Haber-Bosch processes, and trade values of different operational units. The sensitivity analysis has determined that the main variables affecting the NPV are the size of the ammonia synthesis plant and the electricity price. Furthermore, by considering triangular probability distribution of specific variables, it was observed that with a 95% of confidence, the NPV would be positive with a 76.1% of occurrence. The optimization process defined that a stack of 164.21 MW would be the most convenient electrolyser stack dimension, which was estimated by considering all different effects over the operational expenditure (OPEX), capital expenditure (CAPEX), and investments risk. Therefore, the hydrogen production in Chile and its transportation to Japan using ammonia as an energy carrier would be a technically viable and profitable solution, which also has environmental benefits. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd
dc.subjectAmmonia transport
dc.subjectGreen ammonia
dc.subjectHaber-bosch process
dc.subjectNet present value
dc.subjectPay-back
dc.subjectViability
dc.subjectAmmonia
dc.subjectCost benefit analysis
dc.subjectCosts
dc.subjectEconomic analysis
dc.subjectElectrolysis
dc.subjectFossil fuels
dc.subjectInvestments
dc.subjectKinetic theory
dc.subjectProbability distributions
dc.subjectRenewable energy resources
dc.subjectRisk perception
dc.subjectSensitivity analysis
dc.subjectSolar power generation
dc.subjectCapital expenditures
dc.subjectEnvironmental benefits
dc.subjectEnvironmental conditions
dc.subjectHaber-Bosch process
dc.subjectOperational expenditures
dc.subjectRenewable energy source
dc.subjectTechnical-economic analysis
dc.subjectTechno-Economic analysis
dc.subjectHydrogen production
dc.subjectalternative energy
dc.subjectammonia
dc.subjecteconomic analysis
dc.subjectelectricity generation
dc.subjectelectrokinesis
dc.subjectfossil fuel
dc.subjecthydrogen
dc.subjectoptimization
dc.subjectprice dynamics
dc.subjecttransportation
dc.subjectChile
dc.subjectJapan
dc.subjectNucleopolyhedrovirus
dc.titleTechnical-economic analysis for a green ammonia production plant in Chile and its subsequent transport to Japan
dc.typeArticle


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