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Trail Making Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish-speaking pediatric population

dc.contributor.authorArango-Lasprilla J.C.
dc.contributor.authorRivera D.
dc.contributor.authorRamos-Usuga D.
dc.contributor.authorVergara-Moragues E.
dc.contributor.authorMontero-López E.
dc.contributor.authorAdana Díaz L.A.
dc.contributor.authorAguayo Arelis A.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Guerrero C.E.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía De La Cadena C.
dc.contributor.authorLlerena Espezúa X.
dc.contributor.authorLara L.
dc.contributor.authorPadilla-López A.
dc.contributor.authorRodriguez-Irizarry W.
dc.contributor.authorAlcazar Tebar C.
dc.contributor.authorIrías Escher M.J.
dc.contributor.authorLlibre Guerra J.J.
dc.contributor.authorTorales Cabrera N.
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez-Agudelo Y.
dc.contributor.authorFerrer-Cascales R.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-02T22:12:22Z
dc.date.available2020-09-02T22:12:22Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier10.3233/NRE-172247
dc.identifier.citation41, 3, 627-637
dc.identifier.issn10538135
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/3578
dc.descriptionOBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 3,337 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the TMT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. The TMT-A and TMT-B scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age 2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age on both scores, such that as children needed less time to complete the test while they become older. TMT-A scores were affected by age 2 for all countries except, Cuba, Guatemala, and Puerto. TMT-B scores were affected by age 2 for all countries except, Guatemala and Puerto Rico. Models indicated that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years of education needed less time to complete the test compared to children whose parent(s) had a MLPE ≤12 years for Mexico and Paraguay in TMT-A scores; and Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, and Spain for TMT-B scores. Sex affected TMT-A scores for Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Peru, in that boys needed less time to complete the test than girls. Sex did not affect TMT-B scores. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate approach to interpret the TMT in pediatric populations. © 2017 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherIOS Press
dc.subjectneuropsychology
dc.subjectpediatric population
dc.subjectSpanish-speaking populations
dc.subjectTrail Making Test
dc.subjectchild
dc.subjectChile
dc.subjectCuba
dc.subjectEcuador
dc.subjecteducation
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjectgirl
dc.subjectGuatemala
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjectmajor clinical study
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectMexico
dc.subjectmultiple linear regression analysis
dc.subjectneuropsychology
dc.subjectParaguay
dc.subjectPeru
dc.subjectPuerto Rico
dc.subjectSpain
dc.subjectspeech
dc.subjecttrail making test
dc.subjectlanguage
dc.subjectreference value
dc.subjectSouth and Central America
dc.subjectstandards
dc.subjecttrail making test
dc.subjectChild
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectLanguage
dc.subjectLatin America
dc.subjectReference Values
dc.subjectTrail Making Test
dc.titleTrail Making Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish-speaking pediatric population
dc.typeArticle


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